Dietary patterns, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in older adults.

Background/objectivesSeveral studies have linked dietary patterns to insulin sensitivity and systemic inflammation, which affect risk of multiple chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary patterns of a cohort of older adults, and to examine relationships of dietary patterns with markers of insulin sensitivity and systemic inflammation.Subjects/methodsThe Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective cohort study of 3075 older adults. In Health ABC, multiple indicators of glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation were assessed. Food intake was estimated with a modified Block food frequency questionnaire. In this study, dietary patterns of 1751 participants with complete data were derived by cluster analysis.ResultsSix clusters were identified, including a 'healthy foods' cluster, characterized by higher intake of low-fat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish and vegetables. In the main analysis, the 'healthy foods' cluster had significantly lower fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values than the 'breakfast cereal' and 'high-fat dairy products' clusters, and lower fasting glucose than the 'high-fat dairy products' cluster (P≤0.05). No differences were found in 2-h glucose. With respect to inflammation, the 'healthy foods' cluster had lower interleukin-6 than the 'sweets and desserts' and 'high-fat dairy products' clusters, and no differences were seen in C-reactive protein or tumor necrosis factor-α.ConclusionsA dietary pattern high in low-fat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish and vegetables may be associated with greater insulin sensitivity and lower systemic inflammation in older adults

Analisis Perbedaan Manajemen Laba Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pengadopsian International Financial Reporting Standard (Ifrs) Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2012)

Penelitian ini berjudul “Analisis Perbedaan Manajemen Laba Sebelum dan Sesudah Pengadopsian International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Indonesia (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2012)”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak adanya perbedaan dari praktik manajemen laba antara sebelum dan sesudah mengadopsi IFRS pada jenis perusahaan manufaktur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2012 yang diakses langsung melalui website www.idx.co.id. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa efek Indonesia pada tahun 2011-2012. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 47 perusahaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif (Comparative Research) yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis paired sample t-test. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa ada perbedaan praktik manajemen laba yang signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah mengadopsi International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS)

The American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome diet in male and female rodents recapitulates the clinical and transcriptomic features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma remain poorly understood. Additionally, there is increasing recognition of the extrahepatic manifestations associated with NAFLD and NASH. We demonstrate that intervention with the American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet in male and female mice recapitulates many of the clinical and transcriptomic features of human NAFLD and NASH. Male and female C57BL/6N mice were fed either normal chow (NC) or ALIOS from 11 to 52 wk and underwent comprehensive metabolic analysis throughout the duration of the study. From 26 wk, ALIOS-fed mice developed features of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. ALIOS-fed mice also had an increased incidence of hepatic tumors at 52 wk compared with those fed NC. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in multiple genes associated with inflammation and tissue repair in ALIOS-fed mice. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis confirmed dysregulation of metabolic pathways as well as those associated with liver disease and cancer. In parallel the development of a robust hepatic phenotype, ALIOS-fed mice displayed many of the extrahepatic manifestations of NAFLD, including hyperlipidemia, increased fat mass, sarcopenia, and insulin resistance. The ALIOS diet in mice recapitulates many of the clinical features of NAFLD and, therefore, represents a robust and reproducible model for investigating the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 30% of the general population and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical models rely on mouse models that often display hepatic characteristics of NAFLD but rarely progress to NASH and seldom depict the multisystem effects of the disease. We have conducted comprehensive metabolic analysis of both male and female mice consuming a Western diet of trans fats and sugar, focusing on both their hepatic phenotype and extrahepatic manifestations

Efficient processing of raster and vector data

[Abstract] In this work, we propose a framework to store and manage spatial data, which includes new efficient algorithms to perform operations accepting as input a raster dataset and a vector dataset. More concretely, we present algorithms for solving a spatial join between a raster and a vector dataset imposing a restriction on the values of the cells of the raster; and an algorithm for retrieving K objects of a vector dataset that overlap cells of a raster dataset, such that the K objects are those overlapping the highest (or lowest) cell values among all objects. The raster data is stored using a compact data structure, which can directly manipulate compressed data without the need for prior decompression. This leads to better running times and lower memory consumption. In our experimental evaluation comparing our solution to other baselines, we obtain the best space/time trade-offs.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; TIN2016-78011-C4-1-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; TIN2016-77158 C4-3-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; RTC-2017-5908-7Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2017/58Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/01Xunta de Galicia; IN852A 2018/14University of Bío-Bío; 192119 2/RUniversity of Bío-Bío; 195119 GI/V

The effect of presenting forage in multi-layered haynets and at multiple sites on night time budgets of stabled horses

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of multi-layered haynets and multiple presentation of haynets to increase time spent on feed intake behaviour at night (13 hours observation). For preliminary assessment two horses performing the oral stereotypy of crib biting were included. Six horses received the same amount of forage during a 22-day, crossover study where treatment consisted of either forage presentation in a single small-holed haynet (SH) or the forage was divided between 3 haynet combinations hung up simultaneously = multiple haynets (MH). The three haynets presented simultaneously consisted of a) MH single haynet (same as SH), b) MH double layered haynet and c) MH triple layered haynet. Multiple haynets were presented, in random order, on three sides of the stable. Horses were filmed using a video surveillance camera with infrared light source. Behaviour was observed for at least 4 nights per treatment (one night during the acclimatisation period [nights 2-4] and three nights during the end period [nights 7-11]). The observation period commenced at 16:30 - 17.00h (point of haynets being presented) until 06.00h (all horses) or 9.00h (2 crib-biting horses) the next morning. Data was analysed for normal distribution and Anova between haynets, paired t-tests between treatments and Pearson Correlation were used (SPSS. 17.00; 2012). There was a significant effect of type of haynet (p<0.001) on intake time per kg forage (min/kg for SH: 39; MH all (data combined): 51; MH Single: 27; MH Double: 67; MH Triple: 78; overall sem. 8.9). The overall time budget (minutes per observation hour) showed a significant difference between treatments for eating from haynet, standing still, locomotion and drinking. Horses finished eating from SH haynets at around 01:38 am (±1.05 hours s.d.), were last observed at the double net at 03:00 am and at the triple net at 05:12 am (±1.25 hours s.d.). Based on these results, providing 6 kg of forage in 3 double-layered, 2.5 cm haynets spread around the stable could potentially lead to an increased feeding time of 2 hours per night compared to a single 2.5 cm holed haynet containing 6 kg. From the continuous observation data a clear visual difference in crib-biting pattern and therefore motivation to perform crib-biting emerged between the two stereotypic horses

Controlling photons using electromagnetically induced transparency

It is well known that a dielectric medium can be used to manipulate properties of light pulses. However, optical absorption limits the extent of possible control: this is especially important for weak light pulses. Absorption in an opaque medium can be eliminated via quantum mechanical interference, an effect known as electromagnetically induced transparency. Theoretical and experimental work has demonstrated that this phenomenon can be used to slow down light pulses dramatically, or even bring them to a complete halt. Interactions between photons in such an atomic medium can be many orders of magnitude stronger than in conventional optical materials

Ultrafast control of donor-bound electron spins with single detuned optical pulses

The ability to control spins in semiconductors is important in a variety of fields including spintronics and quantum information processing. Due to the potentially fast dephasing times of spins in the solid state [1-3], spin control operating on the picosecond or faster timescale may be necessary. Such speeds, which are not possible to attain with standard electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques based on microwave sources, can be attained with broadband optical pulses. One promising ultrafast technique utilizes single broadband pulses detuned from resonance in a three-level Lambda system [4]. This attractive technique is robust against optical pulse imperfections and does not require a fixed optical reference phase. Here we demonstrate the principle of coherent manipulation of spins theoretically and experimentally. Using this technique, donor-bound electron spin rotations with single-pulse areas exceeding pi/4 and two-pulses areas exceeding pi/2 are demonstrated. We believe the maximum pulse areas attained do not reflect a fundamental limit of the technique and larger pulse areas could be achieved in other material systems. This technique has applications from basic solid-state ESR spectroscopy to arbitrary single-qubit rotations [4, 5] and bang-bang control[6] for quantum computation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted 12/2008. Since the submission of this work we have become aware of related work: J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 320: 349-352 (2008

Analisa Sistem Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Proses Keluar-Masuk Barang Pada Perusahaan Logistik Departemen Gudang Studi Pada Pt Cipta Krida Bahari .

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah praktek sistem informasi yang berjalan sudah sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan perusahaan, dan untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi lead time proses keluar masuk barang. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis, yaitu metode yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan perusahaan berdasarkan kenyataan yang sesungguhnya terjadi di dalam perusahaan. Adapun data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi standard operasional prosedur (SOP), flow chart , aplikasi yang berhubungan dengan sistem informasi akuntansi khususnya pada proses serah-terima barang di PT Cipta krida Bahari Departemen Gudang cabang Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses keluar-masuk barang pada PT CKB cabang Surabaya sudah memenuhi standard yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan. Faktor internal yang mempengaruhi lead time proses keluar masuk barang diantaraya kurangnya komunikasi antar warehouseman, permintaan muat barang yang tidak melalui admin gudang, dan adanya kesalahan update pada data outstanding. Sedangkan mendapatkan tally sheet tungya, checker dan operator forklift yang pemilih

Defining language impairments in a subgroup of children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed on the basis of core impairments in pragmatic language skills, which are found across all ages and subtypes. In contrast, there is significant heterogeneity in language phenotypes, ranging from nonverbal to superior linguistic abilities, as defined on standardized tests of vocabulary and grammatical knowledge. The majority of children are verbal but impaired in language, relative to age-matched peers. One hypothesis is that this subgroup has ASD and co-morbid specific language impairment (SLI). An experiment was conducted comparing children with ASD to children with SLI and typically developing controls on aspects of language processing that have been shown to be impaired in children with SLI: repetition of nonsense words. Patterns of performance among the children with ASD and language impairment were similar to those with SLI, and contrasted with the children with ASD and no language impairment and typical controls, providing further evidence for the hypothesis that a subgroup of children with ASD has co-morbid SLI. The findings are discussed in the context of brain imaging studies that have explored the neural bases of language impairment in ASD and SLI, and overlap in the genes associated with elevated risk for these disorders.M01 RR00533 - NCRR NIH HHS; R01 DC10290 - NIDCD NIH HHS; U19 DC03610 - NIDCD NIH HH